麻豆传媒AV

Citation

Carolei D (2025) NGO–NGO Conflict: The Legal Case of Survival International v. WWF. In: Zarnegar Deloffre M & Quack S (eds.) "A Relational Approach to NGOs in Global Politics: Beyond Cooperation and Competition". Oxford University PressOxford, pp. 35-59. https://doi.org/10.1093/9780198942757.003.0003

Abstract
In 2016, Survival International filed a complaint against the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) under the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, alleging human rights abuses of Indigenous people in Cameroon. Chapter 2 explores this normative conflict between these nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). It contributes to the social ties section of the book by demonstrating how conflicting relationships can lead to significant ordering effects, filling governance and regulatory gaps. Here, the OECD Guidelines, generally applicable to multinationals, are employed to address NGO-related rights issues. This extension of the OECD’s accountability framework to certain NGOs broadens the application of the Guidelines and the categories of rights-bearers in global politics. Additionally, the chapter enhances understanding of ‘NGOs’ as a claim-bearing label. This aligns with the book’s definition of ‘NGOs’, proposing to define them based on the outcomes of NGO–NGO interactions, using a relational approach. To a lesser extent, it contributes to the examination of interaction sites, providing an analysis of transcalarity, where NGOs use global scales, specifically legal instruments, not for cooperation but to adjudicate conflicts.

Keywords
NGO-NGO conflicts; human rights; Survival International; World Wide Fund for Nature; WWF; OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises